risk analysis in engineering

This volume considers engineering risk analysis applications to the field of building safety. Building codes and design criteria used by architects and engineers – standards of good practice defined by industry consensus – have made great strides in bringing the dangers of facilities under control, but the range of hazards (e.g., fire, indoor air pollutants, electrical malfunctions) is broad. Risk analysis offers improved overall safety of new and existing facilities without imposing unacceptable costs. Broad application of risk analysis will help facility professionals, policymakers, and facility users and owners to understand the risks, to determine what levels of risk are socially and economically tolerable, and to manage risk more effectively.

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Product liability is a contentious issue. Proponents argue that American tort law promotes product safety. Manufacturers contend that lawsuits chill new product development. “Product Liability and Innovation” provides an overview and an engineering perspective on the product liability system. The volume offers studies of selected industries, exploring the effect of product liability on corporate product development decisions and on the creative opportunities and day-to-day work of engineers. The volume addresses the potential liability of the parts or materials supplier and discusses the impact of liability on the availability of insurance. It looks at “junk science” in the courtroom and analyzes opportunities to incorporate into product design what we know about human behavior and risk. The book also looks at current efforts at tort reform and compares U.S. injury claims handling with that of other countries. This volume will be important to policymakers, industrialists, attorneys, product engineers, and individuals concerned about the impact of product liability on the industrial future.

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The technological age has seen catastrophic and preventable failures from buildings and bridges to space and launch vehicles, from chemical factories to nuclear power plants, from ships to airplanes, and from trains to automobiles. Often the root cause can be traced to decisions that did not appropriately consider safety as a factor in design and engineering.

Choosing Safety is the first book to bring together probabilistic risk assessment and decision analysis using real case studies. The book combines these two technologies into a method of building safety into a system or product from the very beginning of its development. By virtue of more than a dozen practical examples from the author s experience in nuclear power, aerospace, and other potentially hazardous facilities, the book focuses on processes for making logical decisions about complex engineered systems and products in which safety is a key factor in design and where failure can cause great harm, injury, or death.

Choosing Safety is for managers, project leaders, engineers, and scientists who create, design, develop, operate or maintain high consequence, complex systems and products. The book is also for students and anyone else interested in a broad perspective about the union of decision analysis and probabilistic risk assessment.

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In the last decades, dramatic river flooding has occurred in several regions of Europe and the damage reached unprecedented proportions. There are two basic reasons for this: the increased frequency of extreme weather events and built-up areas which continue to grow mainly in flood prone areas, affect flooding in many ways. The protection of human and capital assets from natural hazards is high in the agenda of the European policies and is directly addressed in the European Regional Development Fund for the programming period 2007-2013. This technical note describes a contribution to the evaluation of exposures to flood risk in 13 out of the 15 Countries that can receive support from Structural Funds under the Convergence objective: Spain, Greece, Portugal, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania and Bulgaria.

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One approach to expressing the uncertainty in a cost estimate is probability distribution, and cost analysts have proposed getting such information from subjective probability distributions elicited from experts. This technical report offers a selective review of the literature of probability elicitation, both in the fields of psychology and statistics and in the cost risk field, and insights from senior people in the cost risk community.

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